Abstract
In this article, we analyze the information content of expectations of inflation derived from the Israeli bond market. The results indicate that these expectations are unbiased and efficient with respect to the variables considered. In other words, we cannot reject the hypothesis that these expectations are rational. In particular, we found that these expectations are not adaptive and contain significant information regarding future inflation and thus constitute an important and useful indicator in the evaluation of the inflationary environment.
The existence of continuous data of this type, which is unique to the Israeli economy, enables us to test a number of hypotheses concerning the process of price adjustment. The study found that expected inflation is a primary factor in the explanation of current inflation. This result is in agreement with the neo-Keynesian approach according to which there exists rigidity in the adjustment of prices and as a result price increases in the present are determined primarily by expectations of future price increases. It was also found that inflation in Israel is better explained by the neo-Keynesian approach (price rigidity) than by the Classical approach or the lack of information approach according to which current inflation is determined by past, rather than current, inflationary expectations.
Another issue examined in this study is whether inflationary inertia existed in Israel during the 90s. From conventional estimation of an inflation equation (i.e. using future inflation as proxy for expectations) one can get the impression that there was strong inflationary inertia during this period. However, when data on inflationary expectations from the bond market were used in the estimation, this inertia completely disappeared. This finding raise the possibility that inflationary inertia that is found elsewhere is not a structural phenomenon but an outcome of lack of reliable data on inflationary expectations.